ls – Lists files and directories in the current directory.
cd – Changes the current working directory.
pwd – Prints the full path of the current directory.
mkdir – Creates a new directory.
rmdir – Removes an empty directory.
rm – Deletes files or directories.
rm -rf – Deletes files or directories forcefully and recursively
touch – Creates an empty file or updates a file’s timestamp.
cp – Copies files or directories.
mv – Moves or renames files or directories.
cat – Displays the contents of a file.
less – Views the content of a file one page at a time.
head – Shows the first few lines of a file.
head -n 2 (file-name) – Shows the first 2 lines of a file.
tail – Shows the last few lines of a file.
tail -n 2 (file-name) – Shows the last 2 lines of a file.
nano – Opens a simple command-line text editor.
vim – Opens the Vim text editor for advanced editing.
echo – Prints text or variables to the terminal.
man – Displays the manual page for a command.
chmod – Changes file permissions.
chown – Changes the file owner and group.
df – Shows disk space usage.
du – Displays directory and file sizes.
top – Monitors system processes in real time.
ps – Shows running processes.
kill – Sends a signal (usually to stop) a process.
kill -9 – Forcefully kills a program
killall – Kills all processes with a given name.
service – Manages system services.
systemctl – Controls the systemd system and service manager.
apt-get install – Installs and upgrades packages.
apt install – Another alternative way to install and upgrade packages
apt remove (package-name) – This uninstalls a program but keeps its configuration files.
apt purge (package-name) – This uninstalls the program and deletes all configuration files.
curl – Transfers data from or to a server using various protocols.
ssh – Connects to remote machines securely.
history – Shows command history.
clear – Clears the terminal screen.
uname – Displays system information.
whoami – Shows the current user’s name.
passwd – Changes the user password.
sudo – Runs commands with superuser (root) privileges.
last – Lists the login history, including previous SSH logins.
w – Displays who is logged in and what they are doing. Also shows specifically login time, ip address and idle time.
ctrl + z – These are keys that you press to suspend a running process and send it to the background.
sudo apt install gedit – A good text editor that is very similar to Windows notepad. This command will install it.